{"id":20,"date":"2021-11-19T10:26:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T10:26:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/flatsome.dev\/?p=1"},"modified":"2022-08-12T11:53:28","modified_gmt":"2022-08-12T04:53:28","slug":"what-is-a-radioisotope-identifier-riid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ctd-security.com\/en\/what-is-a-radioisotope-identifier-riid\/","title":{"rendered":"What is a Radioisotope Identifier (RIID)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><b><span><span class=\"\">What are Radioisotope Identification Devices (RIIDs)?<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span>Radio Isotope Identification Devices (RIIDs) are tools designed to identify radioactive materials by measuring the energy of emitted gamma rays.&nbsp;Law enforcement, customs and other personnel are being equipped with RIIDs to prevent illegal movement of radioactive material.&nbsp;When radiation sources are detected by screening devices such as radiation gate monitors, the RIID is used to determine if the radioactive source constitutes a high-level threat.&nbsp;Radiation first responders, firefighters, and other responders also use the RIID to assess the situation during radiation emergencies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span>How do RIIDs work?<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span>Most radioisotopes emit gamma rays with specific energies.&nbsp;The gamma ray emitted by a radioactive source hits a detector inside the RIID and is converted into a signal indicating the energy of the incident gamma ray.&nbsp;The number of gamma rays at each energy is counted and plotted against the energies in an energy spectrum showing characteristic energy peaks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The identification is based on matching the peaks in the spectrum with known peaks and the gamma emitter peak ratio.&nbsp;This matching is done using proprietary isotope recognition software, which is a key component of these devices.&nbsp;The two main features of RIID are sensitivity and power resolution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; Resolution is a measure of how close two energy peaks can be and still be distinguishable;&nbsp;The lower the percentage resolution, the better the detector&#8217;s ability to distinguish two or more closer peaks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; Sensitivity is a measure of how effectively incident gamma rays are detected;&nbsp;this determines the counting time required to obtain the spectrum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>These features are a function of the size and material type of the RIID detector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Probe types:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>The first is an efficient, robust and relatively inexpensive Sodium Iodide (NaI) detection system.&nbsp;However, its recognizability is limited.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A more sophisticated detector is the high-purity, solid-state germanium (HPGe) detector system which exhibits considerable discriminating power and can distinguish hundreds of different gamma-ray energies in a single spectrum.&nbsp;The HPGe system has about 50 times better resolution than the NaI system.&nbsp;Resolution is the ability to distinguish one nucleotide from another of similar energy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span>Feature<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span>The handheld RIID is battery powered, has built-in software for spectrum analysis, and is capable of identifying the most common radioisotopes encountered by emergency responders.&nbsp;Radioisotopes are divided into four groups:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; Special nuclear material (SNM), plutonium, highly enriched uranium (HEU) and neptunium, which can be used in nuclear weapons;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; Medical isotopes (used in radiotherapy and medical imaging);<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>&#8211; Industrial isotopes (used in weld testing equipment, civil engineering equipment, food irradiators), and<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Natural radioactive substances (NORMs), commercial products such as ceramics and fertilizers containing radioactive elements such as potassium, uranium, thorium and radium.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Some RIIDs also contain neutron detectors, which can enhance the detection of neutron-emitting SNM isotopes.&nbsp;The RIID shall be designed in accordance with ANSI Standard N42.34 (2006) or ASTM Standard C1237-99 which defines a minimum acceptable level of sensitivity to neutrons and gamma radiation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Many RIIDs are equipped with radiation dose-ratio meters, which can be set to alarm to alert the user that they are approaching significant sources of radiation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>However, this device still has limitations.&nbsp;<\/span><span>Radioactive sources can be shielded so that gamma or neutron radiation falls below the RIID detection limit or the spectrum is greatly distorted.&nbsp;For example, about 1 inch of lead will reduce emissions from plutonium by about 1000, and 0.25 inch of lead will reduce emissions from HEU by the same factor.&nbsp;The power calibration of some RIIDs may be affected by temperature changes such as movement between indoors and outdoors, which may lead to false determinations.&nbsp;Some devices contain a built-in test source for recalibration.&nbsp;Isotope recognition software currently used in RIID may misidentify the radioactive source even when the data collected using the RIID has been properly calibrated.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":452,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is a Radioisotope Identifier (RIID) - CTDTECH CO., LTD<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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